Pathole And Manhole Detecting System Using Radar And Wireless Communication

Abstract

open manholes, speed breakers, and debris. These hidden hazards pose serious risks to vehicles and riders, frequently resulting in accidents, vehicle damage, and unsafe driving conditions. To mitigate this problem, this study proposes a compact wireless road-irregularity detection system based on a radar-inspired sensing concept. The system integrates an ESP32 microcontroller with an SR-04T waterproof ultrasonic sensor to perform continuous real-time monitoring of the road surface beneath a moving vehicle.The ultrasonic sensor periodically transmits acoustic pulses toward the ground and calculates the distance by measuring the time-of-flight of the reflected signal. Variations from the normal ground clearance indicate the presence of surface anomalies such as depressions (potholes or uncovered manholes), elevated regions (speed breakers), or submerged obstacles during flood conditions. These distance fluctuations are processed by the ESP32 using threshold-based classification algorithms to identify the type of irregularity. When a hazardous condition is detected, the system can provide timely alerts to the rider or transmit data wirelessly for monitoring and analysis.The proposed design offers a low-cost, compact, and scalable solution that can be easily integrated into two-wheelers and automobiles operating in flood-prone urban environments. By enabling early detection of concealed road hazards, the system enhances rider awareness, reduces potential vehicle damage, and contributes to improved road safety.